Is washing hands after using the toilet enough? Experts answer

Australian researchers from Flinders University conducted a systematic review of 22 scientific studies on toilet aerosols. They found that flushing creates an upward plume of microdroplets containing bacteria and viruses, which rises into the breathing zone and remains active for up to 20 seconds. Regular hand washing does not protect against the inhalation route of infection.

Australian researchers from Flinders University, led by Lira Adiyani, conducted a systematic review of 22 scientific studies on the little-studied topic of toilet aerosols. The scientists found that the powerful turbulence created during flushing generates an upward plume of microdroplets that rises directly into the breathing zone of an adult and can remain active in the air for up to 20 seconds. These bioaerosols carry viable bacteria and viruses capable of entering through the respiratory tract. The degree of danger depends on the flushing power, pathogen concentration, toilet design, and ventilation quality. The study proves that traditional hand washing, while remaining a basic safety rule, cannot protect against the inhalation route of infection transmission. The authors note that previous experiments differed in methodology, but the proven fact of this transmission route forces a reconsideration of hygiene standards.