Scientists solve genetic mystery of rare blood group
An international team of scientists has uncovered the genetic basis of the rare AnWj antigen, first discovered in 1972. The study identified that the MAL gene is responsible for its expression. This discovery led to the official recognition of the 47th blood group system, MAL, which will enhance transfusion safety for patients with unique genotypes.
An international team of researchers has solved the genetic puzzle of a rare blood group that had remained unsolved for over 50 years. Scientists pinpointed the exact genetic origin of the AnWj antigen on the surface of red blood cells, first identified in 1972. DNA analysis of individuals born without this marker revealed a consistent anomaly in the MAL gene, which produces the Mal protein embedded in the cell membrane. Laboratory experiments confirmed a direct causal link between this protein and the antigen's presence. After verifying the mechanism, the International Society of Blood Transfusion officially recognized the MAL system as the 47th blood group. This discovery enables the development of precise genetic tests to identify unique patients before surgical procedures, significantly improving transfusion safety. For the vast majority of people who carry the antigen, the finding will change nothing in practice.