Why people's pupils dilate when surprised - study

Scientists have found that pupil dilation upon surprise is part of an arousal response that helps the brain adapt more quickly to unexpected information. In a study of 63 participants who looked at colored spots and predicted the next color, pupils dilated when predictions were wrong. The reaction reflects a sharp surge of arousal and the brain switching to an 'update' mode.

Scientists have discovered that pupil dilation upon surprise is not merely a reaction to changes in light, but part of a broader arousal response that helps the brain adapt to unexpected events. In a study published on the Science Alert portal, 63 healthy participants were shown a sequence of colored spots and asked to remember the colors and predict the next one. When their predictions did not match the actual color, their pupils dilated. Co-author of the study, Brown University assistant professor Matt Nassar, explained that after a sudden event, the brain likely switches to an 'update' mode, and pupil dilation is one noticeable sign of this process. Researchers believe such short-term changes in the nervous system are useful for processing unexpected events. Previously, 'Cursor' reported that scientists explained how eye function changes during different stages of sleep.

Why people's pupils dilate when surprised - study