Made in India: Inside the India-Israel weapons alliance Amnesty wants dismantled

Amnesty International's new report targets Indian arms exports to Israel, alleging potential complicity in Gaza violations. The investigation identified 2,596 shipments from India to Israel between October 2023 and November 2025, including components for small arms, artillery, and drone warheads. However, the data also reveals India's evolution from a major buyer to a key manufacturing partner, with joint ventures and reciprocal supply chains. Israeli expert Dr. Oshrit Birvadker disputes the report's conclusions, calling them an unfounded analytical leap.

Amnesty International released a 42-page investigation, 'Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel,' arguing that Indian weapons exports to Israel could expose New Delhi and Indian companies to responsibility for alleged violations of international law in Gaza. The report, based on commercially available shipment-level trade data, identified 2,596 shipments from India to Israel between October 7, 2023, and November 30, 2025. These included at least 390,516 parts for military-grade small arms, 564,970 parts of explosive ordnance (including artillery-shell components and drone warheads), and 298 military-vehicle components. Amnesty described these numbers as conservative, excluding shipments where civilian and military use could not be distinguished and products likely destined for anti-missile defense systems. The report names specific companies: PLR Systems, a joint venture between India's Adani Group and Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), exported components for IWI's Negev machine gun, including 10,571 feeding-tray components and 33,033 bolt carriers. Indo-MIM exported more than 59,600 automatic sears to IWI. Kalyani Strategic Systems allegedly exported 9,600 bodies for 155mm artillery rounds, and Munitions India Limited sent a shipment of 1,000 finished 155mm high-explosive shells to Elbit Systems. Alpha Elsec Defence & Aerospace Systems, a joint venture involving Elbit, shipped 122 five-kilogram warhead assemblies linked to Elbit's SkyStriker loitering munition. However, the article also highlights how the data reveals India's evolution from one of Israel's biggest customers into an important manufacturing partner. Dr. Oshrit Birvadker, senior national security expert and director of the South and East Asia Center at the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, expressed severe reservations about the report's validity, noting that Amnesty itself admits an inability to verify the end-use of shipments. She argued the report presents no evidence of intent or official policy by India to facilitate unlawful operations, calling the deduction of complicity from shipping logs an unfounded analytical leap. Birvadker noted that October 7 and subsequent international pressure changed Israel's calculation, leading the defense establishment to recognize India's strategic weight and sign major MOUs.