Can a Cosmic Armageddon Be Prevented? A Study
Chinese scientists have created a computer model to prevent an asteroid collision with Earth using nuclear weapons. Two scenarios are compared: a surface strike with a crater and deep penetration of the charge. The choice depends on preparation time. A nuclear explosion is a last resort due to the unique structure of asteroids and political risks. When time is available, a kinetic impact (DART mission), a gravity tractor, and laser ablation are preferred.
Chinese scientists have developed a computer model to prevent a collision of Earth with a large asteroid under time constraints. The study, reported by Space.com, compares two scenarios for using nuclear weapons. The first is a spacecraft colliding with the asteroid's surface, creating a shallow crater and subsequent detonation of the charge. This method is technically simpler but less effective due to the random impact point. The second uses a penetrator spacecraft that creates a deep cavity inside the asteroid, where the charge is placed. An explosion from within allows for guaranteed destruction of the object or altering its trajectory. The choice of method depends on preparation time. The use of nuclear weapons remains a last resort, as asteroid structures are unique and fragments may continue on a dangerous course. Political concerns about nuclear explosions in space are also noted. When time is available, other technologies are preferred: NASA has proven the effectiveness of a kinetic impact in the DART mission, changing the orbit of the asteroid Dimorphos. A gravity tractor and laser ablation are also considered.